Where homes lose energy
Attics, walls, windows, and air leaks account for most loss. An energy audit pinpoints your biggest wins.
- Blower door tests measure air leakage
- Infrared scans find missing insulation
- Utility rebates may cover audit costs
Attic insulation
Attics are often the best ROI upgrade. Blown-in cellulose or fiberglass over a sealed attic floor.
- Target R-38 to R-60 depending on climate
- Air seal penetrations before adding insulation
- Don't block soffit vents — use baffles
Air sealing
Insulation slows heat flow; sealing stops drafts. Focus on top plates, penetrations, and rim joists.
- Foam sealant around pipes and wires
- Weatherstrip doors and attic hatches
- Duct sealing in unconditioned spaces
Walls and crawl spaces
Older homes may lack wall insulation. Crawl spaces need vapor management and insulation on walls or floor.
- Blown-in cellulose for existing walls
- Encapsulated crawl spaces in humid climates
- Insulated basement walls reduce heat loss
Next steps
Combine insulation with efficient HVAC and windows for compounding savings.
- Check DSIRE.org for current state and utility incentives before you buy equipment
- Photograph attic insulation depth and window stickers for resale files
- Pair air sealing with insulation — blown cellulose over leaky bypasses underperforms
Air seal the holes, then add the fluffy stuff
Blown cellulose over open can lights, attic hatches, and plumbing chases underperforms. Foam the bypasses, baffle the soffits so you do not bury the vents, then add depth. A pretty insulation photo with blocked soffits cooks the roof.
- Attic hatch weatherstrip is a one-hour win
- Rim joists and basement band boards are winter leaks
- Check DSIRE and your utility before you buy a spray-foam package