Vinyl — the practical default
Multi-chamber vinyl frames with welded corners are the workhorse of U.S. replacements. Quality varies: look at wall thickness, reinforcement in large sashes, and whether colors are through-body or painted.
- Usually the lowest installed cost
- Can expand and contract more in desert heat and deep cold
- Dark colors fade or warp sooner on cheap extrusions
Fiberglass — stability and paint
Fiberglass expands at a rate closer to glass, so big temperature swings are kinder to seals. It can be painted, which helps historic colors and dark exteriors. Expect a higher bid and confirm the installer has done that brand before.
- Stronger in large openings and coastal wind if specified
- Higher material cost and fewer big-box commodity SKUs
- Still needs a proper flash-and-seal install
When wood or aluminum still makes sense
Interior wood looks unmatched in historic homes but needs maintenance. Aluminum is thin and strong for big commercial-style openings but conducts heat unless it is thermally broken. Do not pick aluminum in a cold climate without that break.
- Historic districts may require specific profiles
- Coastal aluminum needs the right finish and fasteners
- Compare whole-window U-factor across materials, not frame stories